Managing Director Nicola Tosini directed a multi-disciplinary consortium in the preparation of a report for the European Commission titled “Ex Post Evaluation of the Implementation and Effectiveness of EU Antitrust Remedies.” In this report, the authors study the implementation and effectiveness of the antitrust remedies that the European Commission imposed or accepted pursuant to Article 7 (prohibition decisions) and Article 9 (commitments decisions) of Regulation 1/2003. The report characterizes all 100-plus remedy decisions taken in the last 20 years and investigates 12 case studies to provide recommendations de lege lata and de lege ferenda for future enforcement practice and policy.